Temporary resident programs in Canada allow foreign nationals to live and work in the country for a limited time. These programs include:

1. Temporary Resident Visa (TRV): Required for visitors from certain countries, allowing short stays for tourism, business, or family visits.

2. Study Permit: For international students enrolled in designated learning institutions, permitting study and sometimes work during or after their program.

3. Work Permit: Allows foreign workers to work for a specific employer in Canada, often requiring a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) to ensure no local workers are available for the job.

4. Visitor Record: For those already in Canada on a TRV who wish to extend their stay or change their conditions.

Permanent resident programs in Canada provide pathways for foreign nationals to obtain permanent residency, allowing them to live, work, and study in Canada indefinitely. Key programs include:

1. Express Entry: A points-based system for skilled workers, which includes the Federal Skilled Worker Program, Federal Skilled Trades Program, and Canadian Experience Class. Applicants are assessed based on factors like age, education, work experience, and language proficiency.

2. Provincial Nominee Program (PNP): Allows provinces and territories to nominate individuals for permanent residency based on local labor market needs. Each province has its own criteria and streams.

3. Family Sponsorship: Enables Canadian citizens and permanent residents to sponsor family members, such as spouses, children, or parents, for permanent residency.

4. Business Immigration: For entrepreneurs and investors who wish to establish or invest in a business in Canada, including programs like the Start-up Visa.

5. Humanitarian and Compassionate Grounds: Provides opportunities for individuals who may not meet standard requirements but have compelling humanitarian reasons to remain in Canada.

These programs aim to attract skilled individuals, reunite families, and support economic growth in Canada.

The Family Sponsorship Program in Canada allows Canadian citizens and permanent residents to sponsor specific family members for permanent residency. Key features include:

1. Eligible Sponsors: Must be at least 18 years old, a Canadian citizen or permanent resident, and meet certain income requirements to support their family member.

2. Eligible Family Members: Includes spouses, common-law partners, dependent children, parents, and grandparents. Siblings and other relatives may be sponsored under certain conditions.

3. Application Process: Sponsors must submit an application to Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC), demonstrating their ability to provide financial support and ensuring their family member won't rely on social assistance.

4. Commitment: Sponsors must agree to support the sponsored individual for a specified period, typically three to ten years, depending on the relationship.

This program aims to reunite families and strengthen community ties in Canada.

Work permits in Canada allow foreign nationals to work legally in the country for a specified period. There are two main types:

1. Employer-Specific Work Permit: This permit is tied to a specific employer and job. Applicants usually need a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) from the employer, demonstrating that no qualified Canadian citizens or permanent residents are available for the position.

2. Open Work Permit: This type allows individuals to work for any employer in Canada, without needing an LMIA. It is typically available to certain groups, such as spouses of skilled workers or international students who have graduated from a Canadian institution.